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''Rhus chinensis'', the Chinese sumac or nutgall tree, is a plant species in the genus ''Rhus''. The species is used to produce galls, called ''Chinese gall'', ''Galla Chinensis'' or ''Wu Bei Zi'' (五倍子) in Chinese, which are rich in gallotannins,〔("Identification and structure–activity relationship of gallotannins separated from Galla chinensis" ). Fang Tian, Bo Lia, Baoping Ji, Guizhi Zhang and Yangchao Luo, ''LWT - Food Science and Technology'', Volume 42, Issue 7, September 2009, Pages 1289-1295 〕〔("Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of consecutive extracts from Galla chinensis : The polarity affects the bioactivities" ). Fang Tian, Bo Lia, Baoping Ji, Jinhua Yang, Guizhi Zhang, Yang Chen and Yangchao Luo, ''Food Chemistry'', Volume 113, Issue 1, 1 March 2009, Pages 173-179 〕 a type of hydrolysable tannins. The infestation by Chinese sumac aphids (''Melaphis chinensis'' Bell) can lead to a gall which is valued as a commercial product. Chinese galls are used in Chinese medicine to treat coughs, diarrhea, night sweats, dysentery and to stop intestinal and uterine bleeding.〔"Aphid", Henry G. Stroyan, ''McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology'', 8th Edition, 1997, ISBN 0-07-911504-7〕 ''Rhus chinensis'' compounds possess strong antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities.〔Djakpo O, Yao W, "Rhus chinensis and Galla Chinensis--folklore to modern evidence: review." ''Phytother Res''. 2010 Dec;24(12):1739-47〕 The gall of Rhus chinensis, Galla chinensi, has long been considered to possess many medicinal properties.〔Zhang J, Li L, Kim SH, Hagerman AE, Lü J. 2009. "Anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and other pharmacologic and biological activities of penta-galloyl-glucose." ''Pharm Res'' 26: 2066–2080.〕 Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid),isolated from Rhus chinensis, induces apoptosis in human monocytic lymphoma cell line U937 and may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent against lymphoma.〔Kim NS, Jeong SI, Hwang BS, Lee YE, Kang SH, Lee HC, Oh CH "Gallic acid inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis in human monocytic cell line U937." ''J Med Food''. 2011 Mar;14(3):240-6〕 The gall of ''Rhus chinensis'' inhibits alpha-glucosidase activity.〔Young-Jun Shima, Ho-Kyung Doob, Se-Young Ahnb, Yong-Suk Kimc, Je-Kyung Seongd, In-Sun Parke, Bon-Hong Mina, "Inhibitory effect of aqueous extract from the gall ofRhus chinensis on alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial blood glucose." ''Journal of Ethnopharmacology'', Volume 85, Issues 2-3, April 2003, Pages 283-287〕 Image:Rhus javanica var chinensis1.jpg|foliage Image:Rhus javanica var chinensis3.jpg|flowers Image:Rhus javanica var chinensis4.jpg|fruits Image:Rhus chinensis sapling.jpg|Sapling ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rhus chinensis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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